The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks increased this country's expectations for future threats and attacks, thereby creating a new urgency for emergency preparedness. At the request of New York's fire and police departments, McKinsey and Company spent several months working with both departments' personnel to develop recommendations for structural changes that could enhance their preparedness for future attacks. This report focuses on FDNY's preparedness and contains recommendations in the areas of operations, planning and management, communication and technology, and family and member support services. This report is accessible through individual sections.